ABSTRACT
Although students of telecommunications economics normally examine nonatmospheric (wire) as well as radio communication, it is still useful to think loosely of a "spectrum industry," or at least a "spectrum system," 1 made up of users, their end customers and hardware suppliers, the underlying R&D facilities, and the national spectrum managers. The fact that spectrum has a number of viable substitutes of varying degrees of closeness does not preclude analysis of how the communication capability it facilitates is produced, distributed, used, and developed.
