ABSTRACT

The approaches and techniques described in the preceding chapters are designed to help those planning projects to identify, quantify, monetize and include the environmental effects of the projects they are planning. Some of these techniques are easily applied, while others demand more in the way of data and time. Although the approaches and techniques advocated here are theoretically well founded, there are limitations to the economic measurement of sustainability and environmental effects in general, and specifically to the use of benefit-cost analysis (BCA) for this purpose.