ABSTRACT
There had been a general assumption in published work, which persisted well into the 1980s, that community development and political empowerment were the only two approaches to community participation which existed. The first sign of change came in 1983 when Oakley and Marsden attempted to describe community participation in terms of broad categories. As was illustrated in Chapter 3, these could be consolidated back to the above two approaches, but the thinking behind this analysis is indicative of a vague unease with the constraints imposed by this limitation. Eventually, with the project-dominated development environment of the late 1980s, this limited interpretation became unsustainable. From the work of Korten and others in Asia a new approach, that of community management, began to emerge. This has now become the dominant approach to community participation in many developing countries.
