ABSTRACT
If rationality and efficiency are related to ideology and ideological orientation, then our next task is to discuss possible ideological orientations. There are orientations which have influenced political developments over a period of time and have become established political ideologies, such as liberalism, conservatism and reformistic socialism. There are other ‘-isms’ which are newer but are beginning to grow in importance in many parts of the world, for instance in Sweden or mainland Europe. Textbooks on political ideologies nowadays also include ‘ecologism’ and ‘feminism’ (Eccleshall et al, 1994; Larsson, 1994). Even ‘islamism’ is discussed as a political ideology (Larsson, 1997, pp149–56).
