ABSTRACT
The long and brutal campaign by France to "pacify" Algeria from 1830 to 1847 saw the emergence for the first time of many of the features people associate with the European wars of conquest and with the resistance they met from indigenous people. To begin with, it was in Algeria during this time that some of the best known institutional symbols and most enduring imagery of European colonial warfare first took shape. Abd el-Kader's negotiated truces with the French twice gave the Algerian resistance movement the breathing space it needed at crucial junctures in the war. Popular appeal aside, the Anglo-Zulu War that commenced in January 1879 merits the close attention of students of the African wars of imperial conquest because it furnishes the quintessential example of a clash between an unmodified traditional African military system and that of an industrialized European state.
