ABSTRACT
The underground movements were a response to the inner imperative that “something must be done.” There were even manifestations of revolt in ghettos where have no information of any underground organization. In some of the towns, including Kurzeniec, Nieswiezh, Swienciany, Lachwa, and Mir, there had been pioneering Zionist underground movements during the period of Soviet rule; the members of the youth movements continued their activities after the German invasion. Younger members were from pioneering socialist Zionist youth movements, who had been educated towards a certain vision and values and towards their own self-fulfillment in Eretz Israel. In Kurzeniec, during the Soviet era, there had been a pioneering Zionist underground of members of Hashomer Hatzair. Most of the underground organizations in Western Bielorussia viewed flight to the forest as the one and only program of activity and as had no other thought in mind.
