ABSTRACT
It is possible to construct a conceptual scheme of the many kinds of learning of which man is capable by a variety of methods: running rats in experiments which will yield a cluster of learning patterns. Cultural arrangements which debar men of lower status from the behavior of men of higher status thus reduce the exercise of individual skills and potentialities. Empathy is a far simpler and more global concept than either imitation or identification, both of which are involved in much in explicit, nonverbal, nonformalized learning. In Manus, in 1953, also, observation of the formation of children's groups revealed another extension of mixed empathy-imitativeness, namely, general rather than specific identification behavior. Arapesh boys have small bows and arrows with which they shoot small game, especially rats; and little Arapesh girls are given tiny carrying bags to wear on their heads, while they themselves are still small enough to be carried in their mothers' carrying bags.
