ABSTRACT
Lester F. Ward was for most of his life a research scientist employed by the government, but he published a number of large books including Dynamic Sociology, and Outline of Sociology, followed by Pure Sociology and Applied Sociology. Ward's work was largely ignored at first; not so that of Franklin Giddings, whose Principles of Sociology: An Analysis of the Phenomena of Association and of Social Organisation was published in 1896. Edward Westermarck was a Swedish-Finnish scholar who spent part of the year teaching philosophy at the Academy of Abo in Helsinki and the other part teaching sociology in the University of London. Most of the sociologists of the social evolutionary tradition were encyclopaedic in their view of the subject. Of none is this more true than Leonard Trelawney Hobhouse. To Hobhouse all developing social structures are instrumental for the growth and enlargement of the human mind.
