ABSTRACT
As distinctions of gender and the division of labor by sex are fundamental principles of culture and social organization in New Guinea, so the performance of music is structured by principles of gender. Only men carve and play garamuts, especially in association with men's houses or clanhouses. Men also make and play kundus, watersounded drums, bamboo flutes (especially flutes called tambaran in Tok Pisin), rattles, clickers, trumpets, and swung slats. In performance with dance, men often stand or move in a circle, with women on the outside, circling them or dancing in place, alone or in clusters of a few individuals.
