ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book discusses the role played by New York as a symbol of modernization in early twentieth-century Spanish narrative, and how literary representations of the city reflected the crisis of Spanish national identity triggered by the end of the Empire in 1898. The canon of Spanish narrative works of the 1920s and 1930s has mainly included texts belonging to the so-called avant-garde novel. The similarities between European and Spanish discourses of the 'masses', women, and non-white ethnicities reveal the role played by Spain in the construction of archetypes of the 'Other' since the early years of colonial expansion in America. The depiction of Jewish people carried out by Moreno Villa perpetuates a series of discourses of 'Otherness' used since antiquity to characterize Jews as a malignant influence on the health of Western nations.
