ABSTRACT
The administrative system of a country or its national bureaucracy refers to agencies, bureaus, units, organizations, departments, ministries, or appointed committees of the public sector. Focusing on the national administrative system in comparative studies places the institution of bureaucracy at the center of analysis. Bureaucracy is a specific institutional structure that has received its initial designation and its characterization from the German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) in the early part of the twentieth century. Despite its significant role in modern society, bureaucracy rarely enjoys a positive public image. Bureaucracy is a powerful institution of modern society. Critics assume that bureaucracy as a systems is rigid, unable to change, and cannot be innovative. In a bureaucratic system, change must be universalistic, encompassing the entire organization, Crozier (1964: 196) argues. Ideal or perfect bureaucracy is never achieved. In the final analysis, the bureaucratic model in the Weberian sense is an ideal model that rarely exists in practice.
