ABSTRACT
Of the other minerals mined, the most important were probably gold and bauxite. Gold had been extracted on the east coast of the Malayan peninsula from the early nineteenth century by Chinese miners. During the colonial period, Chinese entrepreneurs, encouraged by British administrators, established lode mines in Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Kelantan, extracting 15,070 ounces in Pahang/Negeri Sembilan (1903) and 40,000 ounces in Kelantan (1906/12). ere was also an Australian mine at Raub, West of Pahang, operated by Australian Syndicate Ltd (1889), later to become Australian Gold Mining Co. Ltd (1912). Bauxite, by comparison was only exploited in the early 1930s when the metal, smelted to produce aluminium, began to be used in the manufacture of aeroplanes. e sector produced 66,700 tons in 1939 and again was controlled by the Japanese, the majority of the output coming from Ishihara Sangyo Koashi Ltd’s Sri Medan mine at Johore. Other minerals excavated include granite and limestone at the FMSR-owned quarries at Segamat ( Johore), Ipoh (Perak), Kodiang (Kedah) and Kuala Lipis (Pahang); Tungston, much of the 673,000 metric tons produced in 1938 coming from a British-owned mine at Pulai, Perak; and oil from the Royal Dutch Shell wells in Miri, Sarawak.3
