ABSTRACT
Some analyses suggest that classroom management has a greater overall effect on student achievement than any other variable in schools. Most classroom management programs have a positive impact on student outcomes, which indicates that adopting a classroom management program of some kind is better than having no program at all. Classroom management programs are most effective when introduced the first moment of the first day of class and then practiced and reinforced for the first two weeks. It is important to establish norms of conduct early before bad social habits can take root. Self-discipline is developed over the long term as students increasingly internalize the goals of the classroom and are intrinsically motivated to participate. Without a well-managed classroom, learning cannot occur. The best classroom management programs are applied school-wide and across classes. In cases where there is ambiguity in violations, consider processes that involve students in the adjudication.
