ABSTRACT
Under a Circular Economy scenario, industry reference businesses can be defined according to their capacity to deliver price-competitive alternatives to conventional linear products, while concurrently achieving advanced circular practices and negligent environmental impact. The firm’s internal competencies previously identified will determine where a company stands and how far it can move inside the quadrant. The low-price position is occupied by those firms that intend to compete on price, either on a permanent basis or to conquer new market share by driving competitors out of business. Breakthrough firms are in the best position as they deliver products/services that are concurrently of greater value and less pricey than those of the industry reference. The chapter provides an assessment of the internationalization approaches that a business is faced with when considering overseas markets. Four generic approaches to international growth have been identified by the academic literature, depending on degrees of global integration and local responsiveness: export, multidomestic, global, and transnational.
