ABSTRACT

Since the 17th century, the progressive ideas of scientific rationality and democracy have spread across the globe, and conservatives have always contested these ideals and the socio-political practices they support. Often these progressive ideals have been the cause of violent conflict and war, including culture wars. To help resolve culture wars, all members of a nation should be recognized as contributing political actors, and thereby, all should have a chance to explain their cultural practices, beliefs, and values. But more importantly, all parties also need to listen, discuss, debate, and try to find common ground with each other in order to peacefully coexist and cooperate.