ABSTRACT
The last chapter concludes the long narratives of kŭndaehwa of Korea with the observation that while Korea transformed itself into an urban, open, market society, Koreans did not become individualistic with modernization or Westernization as modernization theory predicted. Modernization is a historical process taking place mainly in the public space. Both private and public domains are slow or refuse to respond to modernization. In terms of value orientations, Koreans remain largely personalists.
