Chapter 7 concludes the study with an analysis of the future role of the Islamist political parties in the Maghreb. It notes the diversity of the Islamist activists presented in the book, the similarities and differences in the different national contexts, and the insights that observers might draw from other Islamist political parties elsewhere in the world, such as the AKP in Turkey. The chapter also invites readers to reflect on the role of religion in national identity constructions and explores how Islam has factored into such constructions in Muslim societies. It concludes by returning to Tunisia and the success of Ennahdha after the Arab Spring, as well as its struggle to contain extremist elements that seek to undermine the new democratic government.