ABSTRACT
Cocaine abuse and dependence is a global epidemic. Cocaine overdose may be complicated by alcohol and other emergency situations, for example being involved in accidents and trauma situations. Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency. Poisoning can lead to organ dysfunction and metabolic derangements, which can lead to critical care admission. Poisoning may be self-poisoning, homicidal, industrial, warfare or terrorism. General principles and management of poisoning are based on clinical features, examination, resuscitation and investigations. Activated charcoal is a treatment for many acute poisonings, and works by absorbing toxins. Opioid poisoning causes respiratory depression, which can rapidly lead to hypoxia, respiratory arrest and if left untreated death. Acute signs of opioid poisoning include respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils and reduced level of consciousness. Organophosphate poisoning can be divided into the following categories: Muscarinic effects, nicotinic effects, and central nervous system effects.
