ABSTRACT
The conclusion summarises the book’s main findings, outlining the multifacetedness of European Muslim publics. The author argues that the presented examples illustrate German Muslims’ creative contributions to the public sphere, featuring multifaceted media, artistic and civic engagement, which can be best understood in terms of participation. Features of counterpublics are occasionally reflected in their activities. They transform the public sphere in various ways. First, they create spaces of positive self-representation, which challenge stereotypical images of Muslims dominating the main German public sphere. Second, German Muslims engage in civic and artistic activities, which can be read as a ‘normalisation’ of Muslim identity in the West.
