ABSTRACT
"A research design is the scheme that guides the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. It is a logical model of proof that allows the making of valid causal inferences". Descriptive research, however, requires accurate and complete measurement of phenomena. Explanatory research designs must ensure both unbiased and reliable observation and a logical basis for inferring the causal influence of one or more variables on others. Before planning a research project, the single overarching consideration in designing research is whether a given project will require a breach of personal or professional ethics. If a research design provides a logical basis for the kinds of inferences the researcher wants to make, it is adequate, regardless of how simple or complex it is. Scientific research is generally conducted using either qualitative or quantitative data. Quantitative researchers are usually able to employ some well-established rules of analysis in deciding what valid evidence for or against their theory are.
