ABSTRACT
Everything that happens in nature or society, happens as history. More specifically, all human events are fundamentally historical. This chapter discusses that these events are not of equal importance; human affairs are often trivial, or apparently chaotic. The current concept of culture which finds its logical level in the idea of culturology is merely an imprecise and arbitrary way of looking at history. It has no dynamic of its own; to confuse it with reality is to ignore what Bloch terms the "interrelations, confusions and infections of human consciousness". History is both the study and the actual occurrence of events—of their initiation and resolution and their concrete connections. Contemporary existentialism is the converse of philistinism, of the bourgeois spirit; and only in a philistine civilization, whether capitalist or socialist, could existentialism have developed as a formal and urgent self-conscious mode of thought.
