ABSTRACT
The inverter in a direct current (dc) coupled system will be coupled with the inverter and the charge controller working with dc voltage. Dc-to-dc converters being installed in 2017 have a single photovoltaic (PV) module with a dc-to-dc converter under the module and then a number of dc-to-dc converters connected in series, and then the dc-to-dc converter source circuit is connected directly to the inverter. A dc coupled system is a PV system that is typically charging batteries with a charge controller connected to a PV array. A PV source circuit consists of PV modules connected together in series, which is commonly referred to as a string. Most PV systems on buildings these days have PV source circuits that go straight to the inverter and avoid having PV output circuits and dc combiners. Most modern string inverters have multiple inputs. These inputs are connected to separate dc-to-dc converters in the inverter.
