ABSTRACT
This chapter helps to clarify issues around validity. Echeri showed us that we should move away from our original sequential process that went from values and then to the associated indicators, and instead start from a pool of all the indicators, and let the group members connect their chosen ones to their uniquely identified broader values. The underlying process – despite being 'fuzzy' – is of systematic and rigorous construct definition. The process was in fact enabling different kinds of relevance to groups, for example by focusing on organizational clarification and validation, and/or on monitoring and evaluation, or on strategic planning and/or on group bonding. Civil society organization (CSOs) can be strongly encouraged to translate indicators into their own internal language, effectively using them as templates for the construction of their own values and measurement tools. By having processes for articulating, negotiating and measuring intangible values CSOs can go beyond the successful achievement of users' self-selected evaluation goals.
