ABSTRACT
The Brest-Litovsk negotiations gave the final impetus to the disintegration of the Russian Empire. In truth, foreign Governments never really grasped the meaning of the Russian Revolution, and they were not infrequently misled by information which they were unable to appreciate in its proper perspective. The three years, 1918, 1919, and 1920, were the period of civil war and foreign intervention. The bourgeoisie had been subjected to a strict control, somewhat akin to that appropriate to "enemy aliens", but except locally and in the civil war zones no concerted attack had been made on them. It is as difficult to convey an adequate idea of the military conditions of the Civil War campaigns as it is to disentangle the policies of the various parties concerned. The collapse of the White movements was sudden, complete and final, but, though the issue of the Civil War was decided, the Red Army still had some fighting before it.
