ABSTRACT
Biomass is an organic matter that has stored energy through the photosynthesis process. Biofuel is a fuel derived from living matter. A biofuels program would strengthen the sustainable energy base, the environment, and ecosystems. Biomass can be divided into five categories: biomass from wood, biomass from agricultural residues, biomass from energy crops that are grown exclusively for energy production, biomass from urban waste-/refuse-derived fuel, and biomass from aquatic ecosystems. Various types of agricultural waste biomass such as rice bran, straw and husks from rice, sugar cane bagasse, corncobs, and nutshells can be used as raw materials for biomethanol production. Biobutanol is produced through the fermentation of biomass by an acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) process. Biomethane or biogas is produced from the feedstock of biomass by a biological process commonly known as anaerobic digestion in the temperature range of 10°C to 100°C and the moisture content is in the range of 50" to 99".
