ABSTRACT
The octane number indicates the antiknocking property of fuels for spark-ignition engines. A biofueled spark-ignition engine can operate with a higher compression ratio and thus with higher thermal efficiency with less emissions. Sulphur embedded with minerals and oil stored underground does not have any negative environmental impact because it does not interact with the atmosphere, but if sulfur-embedded hydrocarbon is combusted by heat engines or internal combustion engines, sulfur is oxidized into sulfuric acid, sulfate, or SOx emission. The vapor pressure of gasoline should be controlled seasonally because engines need volatility corresponding to different ambient temperatures. Tetra-ethyl lead negatively affect the function of a catalytic converter or any catalyst aftertreatment device in an engine. The cetane number is a dimensionless ignition parameter that indicates the ignition quality of fuel. Cold-flow characteristics deal with the ability of fuel to flow in cold climate conditions. These characteristics are generally described using cloud point, cold filter plugging point, and low-temperature flow test (LTFT).
