ABSTRACT
We previously defined Middleware back in Chapter 1. As you recall also from Chapter 1, the first attempts at middleware were things like sockets and Sun’s Remote Procedure Calls. Those were functionally oriented because they came along before the object-oriented paradigm was widely used in industry. Functionally oriented means they focused on procedure calls—data was separate. In the object-oriented paradigm, of course, data and procedure calls are encapsulated inside an object.
