ABSTRACT
This chapter is concerned with non-verbal symbols. It distinguishes between two different kinds of symbols, for which Mr. Johnson uses the convenient names shorthand symbols and illustrative symbols. The chapter points out that form is a generalized conception that it is not easy to express simply. It shows that a satisfactory symbolism must be precise, systematic and concise. The chapter explains the symbolism so far as is required for its use in the analysis of descriptions and classes. The invention and development of the special symbolism found necessary for the purposes of logical technique is merely carrying to the utmost degree of analysis of thought and precision of expression that recognition of distinctions which is present to some extent in all language. The chapter shows that the form of a proposition is what remains unchanged although all the constituents of the proposition are altered. It illustrates the notion of a variable by a functional relation between numbers.
