ABSTRACT
This chapter shows that there were echoes of the penal view of Christ's suffering in both Forsyth and Mackintosh, and that these were more insistent in Dr. Scott Lidgett. This fact is due to reluctance to break completely with the older view, and to the influence of Calvinism in the early training of these men, for in the early days of the Reformation the idea of the satisfaction offered to God is that of the penal endurance, by Jesus Christ, of the punishment of sin. Dr. Robert William Dale was a shining light in the Congregational Church. His work on the Atonement is contained in a series of lectures, together with three sermons in his volume on Christian Doctrine. In his book The Doctrine of the Atonement, Dr. J. K. Mozley gives a careful and concise treatment of the Scriptural basis of the doctrine, discusses, with remarkable clarity, its history, and gives short summaries of the views of Dale.
