ABSTRACT

The personal element became especially strong in Cuba, where personal ability was often the only fortune the immigrant enterprisers brought with them, and its importance was even intensified by the permanent political and economic struggles and the speculative character of the sugar market. The organizations are reminiscent of the Polish economic associations and unions established in German Poland by the Poles during their economic and cultural struggles before the War, as described by Ludwig Bernhard. The difference is that there is no conscious cultural struggle, and the “Centros,” having existed for decades, have a firm footing in the country, and were not created for this purpose in the first place. The organizations are reminiscent of the Polish economic associations and unions established in German Poland by the Poles during their economic and cultural struggles before the War, as described by Ludwig Bernhard.