ABSTRACT
This chapter explores formulations of the theory of collective choice that are alternative to those resting on individualistic assumptions. In general, the public interest approach urges that the collectivity does have an independent existence and objectives that differ from the aggregation of the preferences of individual citizens. For Lindblom, who has made the most important contributions to public interest approaches, it would appear that what is maximized is simply agreement. The logical-deductive methods of the natural sciences, according to Lindblom, are the traditional basis for systematic analysis of social science policies. Because of the inability to attain the synoptic ideal in the real world it becomes necessary to employ alternative strategies for policy analysis. The fundamental criticism of the theory of pragmatic incrementalism turns on whether there is a conflict between the synoptic method and incrementalism. Pragmatic incrementalism approaches public decision-making by starting with the body politic, its institutions, procedures, and processes.
