ABSTRACT
The most important consequences of the ethics of the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay and the Quakers who came to Pennsylvania were their diametrically opposed ideas about education in general and higher education in particular. The College of New Jersey, in the Calvinist tradition of its founders, was the first cosmopolitan school for leadership in North America, educating young men from the southern and middle colonies as well as from New England. The contrasts between Harvard and Penn, after all, have been but a reflection of the different historical development of public education in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania as a whole, and especially of the Boston Latin School and Philadelphia's Central High School. In many ways the most important difference between Penn and Harvard has been in their leadership structure. From 1636 to 1940, Harvard was run by a unified ruling class of Bostonians—Puritans and clergymen at first, later, State Street Brahmins.
