ABSTRACT
There is a much abused revolutionary slogan that the history of freedom is written in blood. As a statement of fact, it is only partly true in the field of race relations. On revolutionary change in race relations is dominated by Marxist theory, with its emphasis on the primacy of economic processes, the formation of classes on the basis of common interests, the increasing tension between the forces and relations of production, and polarization between classes leading to a forceful seizure of power and transformation of the relations of production. There was an older, somewhat conservative form of liberalism, greatly concerned with the attitude of members of the ruling race. These started with the measurement of attitudes; then subjects were exposed to a mind-enlarging experience, such as a series of lectures on race relations; and finally attitude change was measured at the end of the series with great technical precision.
