ABSTRACT
The Catholics say that the Church is united but the Protestants necessarily divide into sects. With the Jews it is the reverse. It is the Orthodox Jews who are least united; for each congregation is a law unto itself and it would be very difficult to formulate any doctrine on which all Orthodox Jews would unite. A generation ago the general answer used to be: ethical monotheism. In the light of modern knowledge, no one can well say that ethics or moral knowledge is the exclusive discovery or possession of the Jews. In any case, it is indisputable that those who wish to preach monotheism can neither claim to represent all the Jews, nor can they thereby differentiate themselves from Christians, Mohammedans, and others. Every once in a while someone discovers that Judaism is identical with some other moral or spiritual ism, for example, Spinozism, and thinks that the Jews should exist to promote that.
