ABSTRACT
The usual natural symbols are a fountain or a tree, while the ordinary artificial symbol is a pillar or pile of stones; but very often all three are found together, and this was the rule in the more developed sanctuaries, particular sacred observances being connected with each. Sacred springs in the full sense of the word are generally found, not at the ordinary local sanctuaries. As regards the connection of holy waters and holy trees, it must be remembered that in most Semitic lands self-sown wood can flourish only where there is underground water, and where therefore springs or wells exist beside the trees. To the two great natural marks of a place of worship, the fountain and the tree, ought perhaps to be added grottoes and caves of the earth. A plurality of sacred stones round which the worshippers circled in a single act of worship are frequently spoken of in Arabian poetry.
