ABSTRACT
Human reproduction involves substantial investments of time and effort after parturit ion to keep children alive and wel l unt i l maturity or inde pendence. Indeed the ultimate postnatal reproductive "failure"—the death of a child-is an event of great significance, involving the termina tion of a current child-care effort, possible replacement of the child w i t h a new pregnancy, or increased investment i n existing children. This funda mentally alters the landscape of both behavioral and biological reproduc tive investments.
