Social organization results from adaptations to technological innovations, economic forces, and population changes, and also from purposive, collective efforts to shape and alter existing institutions in order to deal with human needs and aspirations. The study of social movements and collective behavior has been pursued by scholars and researchers from many academic disciplines, and writers and journalists of varied backgrounds. According to resource mobilization theory, the principal means by which obstacles to mobilization for collective action are overcome are several. "Federation" of preexisting groups ensures much lower start-up and maintenance costs than a social movement built up from scratch. Social changes in the wider society also present opportunities for would-be movement leaders to innovate. A social movement is viewed along the four dimensions of grievance and discontent, values and ideology, capacity to organize, and opportunity for success.