ABSTRACT

The unintended consequences of new digital equipment became obvious as soon as Japan led the world in robotically automated factories that required few, if any, human beings in the 1980s. "Know before you go" is the catchy phrase Google used to launch the major benefit of its "Street View" maps. Manufacturers who are becoming more aware of the imperfections of robotically automated goods are conscious of a necessity to use the flexibility and imagination of human curators together with artificial intelligence. The erroneous concept that robots are more perfect than human beings may have started in that industry where they have now found to their cost that robots are flawed. On July 27, 2015, BBC News Online announced that there were 144 deaths of patients and 1,399 injuries due to robots used by the medical profession in the United States in the past fourteen years.