ABSTRACT
When urbanization is believed to result in social inequality, then poverty and allied ills are attacked through "uplift," whether social settlements or industrial schools or kindred strategies. Insofar as sociologists have been interested in power, inevitably they too have devoted some portion of their attention to urban politics. The sociologists' concern with studies of urban elites during the 1950s has recently been supplemented by political scientists' studies of political decision-making in specific cities. The expression of youth protest has been excluded from the political arena, while middle age has employed the political apparatus for the domestication and pacification of youth. The very forms of corruption typically chronicled about the political machines resemble classical varieties, not of political, but of bureaucratic corruption,—nepotism, graft, police protection, certificates of exception, purchase of privilege and office. Municipal reformers have relied on various means—some on organizational effectiveness, others on arousing an ordinarily indifferent public, and so on.
