ABSTRACT
For though all nations still prepare for war, and though most of them still pursue policies that cause wars, war as an instrument of national policy has been outlawed in the conscience of modern men. For more than a thousand years after the disintegration of the Great Society in the Roman world, the western peoples lived in small, relatively self-contained communities. The division of labor made men interdependent and therefore founded their prosperity on the principle of peaceable collaboration with reciprocal benefits. The fundamental difference between Karl Marx and Adam Smith, between collectivism and liberalism, is not in their social sympathies, nor in their attachment to or rebellion against the existing social order, but in their science. The first principle of liberalism, on the contrary, is that the market must be preserved and perfected as the prime regulator of the division of labor.
