ABSTRACT
The Jews played a decisive role in the formation of the historical consciousness. The survival of the Jews, their resistance to destruction, their endurance under absolutely peculiar conditions and the fateful role played by them in history; all these point to the particular and mysterious foundations of their destiny. The Jewish spirit constitutes a distinct racial type; and it preserved in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the fundamental peculiarities of the spirit of ancient Israel. In the course of further historical destiny the Jewish people too came to believe in immortality and the Resurrection. The Jews infused great energy into their historical life and endowed it with a religious significance. The Judaic hostility to Christianity is not confined to Jews, for Jews themselves may be exempt from it. The religious fulfilment of Jewish destiny cannot justify any vulgar Anti-semitism. An ultimate solution of the Jewish problem is possible only on the eschatological plane.
