ABSTRACT
The progressive movement in the state proposes a set of measures, the object of which is to enable the people to continue their control after officials have been elected. The initiative gives to the people the power to pass any law independently of the legislature; the referendum allows the people to veto any law passed by the legislature which the people believe is inimical to their interests; while the recall makes it possible to remove from office representatives who are manifestly unfit to serve their constituencies. The referendum, the second of the measures that together make up what is known as direct legislation, is a negative rather than a positive measure and is used for a purpose directly opposite to that for which the initiative is used. There is one objection to the recall as applied to judges in addition to those made against direct legislation that deserves special consideration because it is commonly raised and yet is thoroughly unsound.
