ABSTRACT
It is a fundamental and decisive characteristic of every group enmity that primary enmity feelings of varied origin are directed collectively against groups which have had no share in their creation. This chapter deals with collective responsibility. The presupposed evil collective qualities are conceived of as a potential source of evil, condemnable, and therefore also harmful actions. At times the fog of emotion is penetrated by the realisation that the assumption of the inferiority of foreign groups is as unfounded as the antipathy against them. The collective responsibility is imposed in group relations: the group is made responsible for the member, the member for the group, and every member for every other member. As a corrective to the process, the system of the entrance fee has become customary; the member of a minority group which enters the majority must compensate the stain of his origin by a special prestation.
