ABSTRACT
Not all views have found it necessary to grant a primary or independent character to the sentient and affective qualities in man. The attempt to fit man into a natural framework which would require no separate world of spirit is an old one. In some of its versions the problems are formulated in terms which derive from dualistic conceptions. In such views mental phenomena may be treated as unique in kind, but their status is reduced in importance. In other forms their very existence is denied. A comprehensive naturalism, however, has reformulated these issues completely. It is concerned with understanding the entire nature of man, his mental and emotional as well as physical qualities, as part of the natural world. We shall consider first some of the materialist developments from dualistic theories, and then some independent formulations.
