ABSTRACT
Improvements in operations have long been emphasized in the Toyota production system. Operations have three basic components: preparation and after-adjustment, principal operations, and marginal allowances. Operations that direedy carry out actual cutting, forming and welding. Operations in which switches are operated or items are attached or removed for processing. These operations occur irregularly and are of two types, personal and non-personal. The standard work sheet effectively combines materials, workers, and machines to produce efficiently. The Toyota production system demands that all work be performed within standard times, and shop supervisors are charged with holding workers to those standards. The future aspect of standard operations lies in the constant improvement of the criteria. In the Toyota production system, mechanization is considered only after human motions have been thoroughly improved. Labor-saving equipment such as the lift and bulldozer, used mainly in construction work, is directly connected to reducing manpower. Merely to remove waiting and marginal allowances from standard times is meaningless.
