ABSTRACT
Generally, the Josephson phase difference φ = χ1 − χ2 between junction electrodes can change in both directions x,y along the plane (more generally, a surface) separating the electrodes. Thus, in the general case, any junction should be treated as a two-dimensional structure (for early works on the subject, see References 8.42, 8.43, and 1–3). The main aim of this chapter will be to derive equations for the φ(x, y) distribution and to find out when a junction can be treated as one-dimensional (where the results of Chapter 8 are applicable) or even as zero-dimensional (the lumped junction of Chapters 3–7). For the really-two-dimensional structure where such reduction is not possible we discuss new features of the junction dynamics due to this higher dimensionality.
