Josephson Junctions: Types and Models

Our brief survey of the Josephson junctions will be started with tunnel junctions proposed¹ in 1960 by Ivar Giaever who later shared the Nobel Prize with Brian Josephson. These were the tunnel junctions for which the original Josephson prediction was made^P.1 and in which the effect was experimentally observed for the first time.^P.2 Despite a considerable competition from the junctions of other types, the tunnel structures are still the best studied and the most important for applications.