ABSTRACT
This chapter demonstrates how rarely relationships of influence between civil society and intelligence elites are studied. The multi-disciplinary, systematic review finds that intelligence elite influence on civil society is a dominant theme, spanning both pre-contemporary and contemporary periods. Radio, with its international reach and long history of usage by intelligence agencies to target mass populations, is studied in only 17 per cent of articles centrally on civil society, intelligence elites and influence. The relationships between civil society and intelligence elites explore intelligence agencies' strategies and techniques of influencing the media. The three main strategies are secrecy, silencing and information provision. A journalistic practice apparent only in the pre-contemporary period is collaboration with intelligence agencies to collect intelligence and act as informants. Studies on the public's views of intelligence agencies, agents, practices, sources and information embrace the pre-contemporary and contemporary periods. Journalistic practices in engaging with intelligence elites and intelligence reports range from the collaborative to the oppositional.
