ABSTRACT
Today, most whites underestimate not only the level of their racial privileges but the degree to which these privileges exist because for most they have, to a substantial degree, been passed down from generations of white ancestors. Each white generation benefits from societal transmission processes that pass earlier unjustly gained economic and cultural capital to later white generations. Researcher Randolph Hohle has shown that since the 1960s civil rights movement elite whites have joined a traditional white racial framing of black Americans with a reinvigorated capitalistic framing that emphasizes privatization and the language of free-market fundamentalism. In the first decades of the twentieth century yet other major government-controlled resources were given away, or made available on reasonable terms, almost exclusively to white Americans. Whites have profited not only economically but also educationally, politically, legally, and aesthetically from centuries of systemic racism.
