ABSTRACT
Lobbyists understand that policy implementation is just as important as policy making, so organized interests attempt to influence the executive branch as well. This chapter presents challenges for the ideal of political equality, it's not clear that there is any way to eliminate the inequalities of lobbying without trampling on other very important values. Lobbying in and of itself may be benign, but it becomes problematic because in practice it reflects great inequalities. And once again, it is primarily those with money and resources who are advantaged – hence the "upper-class accent" in the heavenly chorus. Money certainly helps groups afford good lobbyists. There is also good evidence that money gives lobbyists an opportunity to talk. The goal of any appropriate regulations would not be to eliminate lobbying altogether, but rather to eliminate or at least minimize the inequalities of voice that exist now.
